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types 指令可将请求文件扩展名映射到对应响应的 MIME 类型，扩展名不区分大小写，多个扩展可以映射到一种类型。其使用规则如下：
语法: types { ... }
默认: types {
text/html html;
image/gif gif;
image/jpeg jpg;
}
可使用的上下文: http, server, location
例：
types {
application/octet-stream bin exe dll;
application/octet-stream deb;
application/octet-stream dmg;
}
即将扩展名为 .bin、.exe、.dll、.deb、.dmg 的 MIME 类型都映射为 application/octet-stream。
其实 Nginx 默认就为我们做了很全面的映射，该配置在 /etc/nginx/mime.types 下，内容如下：
$ cat /etc/nginx/mime.types
types {
text/html html htm shtml;
text/css css;
text/xml xml;
image/gif gif;
image/jpeg jpeg jpg;
application/javascript js;
application/atom+xml atom;
application/rss+xml rss;
text/mathml mml;
text/plain txt;
text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jad;
text/vnd.wap.wml wml;
text/x-component htc;
image/png png;
image/svg+xml svg svgz;
image/tiff tif tiff;
image/vnd.wap.wbmp wbmp;
image/webp webp;
image/x-icon ico;
image/x-jng jng;
image/x-ms-bmp bmp;
font/woff woff;
font/woff2 woff2;
application/java-archive jar war ear;
application/json json;
application/mac-binhex40 hqx;
application/msword doc;
application/pdf pdf;
application/postscript ps eps ai;
application/rtf rtf;
application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml kml;
application/vnd.google-earth.kmz kmz;
application/vnd.ms-excel xls;
application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot;
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint ppt;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics odg;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation odp;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet ods;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text odt;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
pptx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
xlsx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
docx;
application/vnd.wap.wmlc wmlc;
application/x-7z-compressed 7z;
application/x-cocoa cco;
application/x-java-archive-diff jardiff;
application/x-java-jnlp-file jnlp;
application/x-makeself run;
application/x-perl pl pm;
application/x-pilot prc pdb;
application/x-rar-compressed rar;
application/x-redhat-package-manager rpm;
application/x-sea sea;
application/x-shockwave-flash swf;
application/x-stuffit sit;
application/x-tcl tcl tk;
application/x-x509-ca-cert der pem crt;
application/x-xpinstall xpi;
application/xhtml+xml xhtml;
application/xspf+xml xspf;
application/zip zip;
application/octet-stream bin exe dll;
application/octet-stream deb;
application/octet-stream dmg;
application/octet-stream iso img;
application/octet-stream msi msp msm;
audio/midi mid midi kar;
audio/mpeg mp3;
audio/ogg ogg;
audio/x-m4a m4a;
audio/x-realaudio ra;
video/3gpp 3gpp 3gp;
video/mp2t ts;
video/mp4 mp4;
video/mpeg mpeg mpg;
video/quicktime mov;
video/webm webm;
video/x-flv flv;
video/x-m4v m4v;
video/x-mng mng;
video/x-ms-asf asx asf;
video/x-ms-wmv wmv;
video/x-msvideo avi;
}
并且该配置在主配置文件中默认就被 include 了，如下：
$ grep -R 'mime.types' /etc/nginx/
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf: include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
所以没有特殊情况我们是不用去配置什么的。
还有一项要说的就是 default_type 指令，它用来设定访问一个没有通过 types 指令定义对应映射关系的资源时默认的响应 MIME Type。
何时用它呢？这里提一个要求，如要使用 Nginx 搭建一个下载服务器，即不管浏览器访问什么类型的文件都默认执行下载操作。
那么此时该怎么设定？难道把所有的扩展名的文件的 MIME Type 都映射到 application/octet-stream？
当然不可能这么傻乎乎，，这时候就可以使用 default_type 指令了，，看如下示例：
server {
listen 80;
root /nginx/;
types {}
default_type application/octet-stream;
}
在上例配置中，types {} 清空了默认的映射配置，然后通过 default_type 指令设定了默认的响应类型，即此时所有请求的资源都是找不到对应的 MIME Type 的，所以默认响应的也就是 application/octet-stream 啦。。
当服务端响应的 MIME Type 是
application/octet-stream时浏览器默认会启用下载操作。
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